How is operational working capital calculated?

• A. (Current assets + cash) - current liabilities
• B. (Current assets - cash) - current liabilities
• C. (Current assets - cash equivalents) - (current liabilities - debt)
• D. (Current assets - debts) + current liabilities

Answer: (C)

Operational working capital is primarily focused on the liquidity required to support day-to-day operations. This involves understanding how much short-term capital is available after accounting for the immediate operational needs.

The correct method is to take current assets that are essential for operations and adjust for cash equivalents, as these do not usually contribute to operational liquidity in the same way that accounts receivable and inventory do. Current liabilities need to be adjusted because only the operational portion is relevant; excess debt or long-term liabilities generally do not impact day-to-day operations. Thus, the formula accurately reflects the core operational liquidity position by subtracting cash equivalents from current assets and deducing certain liabilities, focusing on the operational aspect of working capital.

This comprehensive understanding of operational working capital emphasizes its role in determining a company's ability to meet short-term obligations and manage its cash flow effectively within operations.