Which of the following factors contributes to effective corporate governance?

• A. Short-term profitability
• B. Transparency and accountability
• C. High levels of debt
• D. Minimized regulatory oversight

Answer: (B)

Transparency and accountability are fundamental components of effective corporate governance. They ensure that a company operates with integrity and that its actions are visible and understandable to stakeholders, including shareholders, employees, regulators, and the public. When a corporation is transparent, it provides relevant information about its operations, financial performance, and strategic decisions, allowing stakeholders to make informed judgments regarding the management's actions.

Accountability reinforces this by making sure that individuals within the organization are responsible for their actions and decisions. It establishes a culture where management is answerable for the company's performance and conduct, fostering trust among investors and stakeholders. This trust, in turn, enhances the company's reputation and can lead to increased investment and support.

In contrast, the other choices either detract from corporate governance (like high levels of debt and minimized regulatory oversight) or focus narrowly on aspects that do not contribute to the long-term sustainability or ethical management of the organization (like short-term profitability). Prioritizing transparency and accountability aligns with best practices in corporate governance and promotes a healthy and sustainable business environment.